Political Science 419 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Science 419 - Essay Example This theory was later explicitly formulated in Marx’s Critique of Political Economy in 1859. He emphasized the major periods he perceived in history to begin with primitive communism, then slavery, feudalism and capitalism. He thought that eventually, these various stages in history would end in the stage of socialism (Marx). Karl Marx argued that socialism would provide economic equality, eradicate poverty and provide a utopian society where people could live in social solidarity. How to lay the foundation and eventually operate the structure of socialism that would abolish the so-called latest mode of production which is capitalism is something that Karl Marx wasn’t able to explain in details. Many disgruntled elements of a capitalist society have been attracted to Marx’s philosophy. They view the Marxian doctrine as the best way out of the cruel exploitations and dog-eat-dog jungle associated with the free enterprise economic system. Marx promises an It is in this regard that capitalism will survive even with the temperament of the economic environment. It is not too difficult to identify the dangerous features of Marxian philosophy. Marx downgrades a human being by regarding him as a mere material being. The root of Marxian philosophy is materialism. According to him, only matter matters. Nothing else exists but matter. Man is completely conditioned by the material facts of life. Thus, there is nothing sacred about human life. Every man is merely a pawn that can and should be sacrificed if the good of the communist party should so dictate. Marx’s vision of pure communism is the height of utopia and completely disregards the basic traits of human nature. It is indeed quite difficult to visualize ourselves as unselfish saints who will willingly work for the common good without being motivated by economic rewards. Man is not just a material being. He is both body and soul, flesh and spirit, mind and matter. An economic system is not something that

Total Quality Management at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Total Quality Management at Work - Essay Example On the way to achieving Business Excellence firms' attempt to attain competitive advantage (Porter 1980) and organizations adopt various techniques to realize efficiency and effectiveness. Industries struggle to gain this competitiveness through shorter production cycles, improved quality and by responding with speed and efficiency to meet customer requirements (Ahmed and Abdalla 2000a, 2000b). To reach excellence it is critical to develop internal quality consciousness and the ability to respond quickly as per schedules (Clausing 1994). Usually profits and returns are considered to be a measure of accomplishment, but, in its widest sense, quality is perceived as the vital element for both national and global success (Dale 1999, Feigenbaum 1999). A number of organizations also implement Total Quality Management (TQM) practices to guide them through to becoming competent and successful as TQM is a preventive approach and not a detective approach to work (Walton, 1986). According to Zairi and Youssef (1998) in the global context today competition cannot be met with cost efficiency alone. Quality plays an equally important role in assessing competitiveness. Quality is a function of TQM is but it is focused on quality improvement alone and in the broader sense does not cover the entire activities of the organization and therefore the Business Excellence has replaced both Quality and TQM as the final measure of performance that effects all stakeholders. (Dale, Zairi, Van der Weile and Williams 2000). Amaratunga and Baldry (2003) state that it is a process of ascertaining and assessing progress and achievement of pre-determined goals and includes information on the efficiency that has been shown in conversion of resources into goods and services. The quality of these outputs and outcomes has a great bearing on the organization's effectiveness and its objectives leading to Business Excellence. The real measure of Business Excellence or Performance according to Evans and Lindsay (1999) is found in five key categories; customer satisfaction; financial and market performance measure; human resource measure; supplier and partner performance; and company strategy measures. Each of these segments plays a vital role in determining the actual value of performance in the context of performance measurements. Benchmarking is essentially a cost reduction method (McDougall and Hinks 2000). Its exercise results in pre-determined and pre-arranged costs. Deviations are the measures that performance management seeks to locate and redress. Managers depend upon it for performance measurement in the TQM context (Camp 1989) and it is considered as the most powerful technique for gaining and maintaining competitive advantage (Codling 1992). Benchmarking has also been defined as the continuous, systematic process for evaluating the products, services and work processes of organisations for the purposes of organisations improvement (Sarkis 2001). Theories of TQM One of the earliest theorists on quality management, Edward Deming, is regarded as not only a pioneer of the quality movement but also a prolific thinker who has inspired and influenced other academicians and practitioners of quality management. According to Deming, quality is not just an external aspect of a product or service that can be measured or controlled. Instead, quality is inherent in the form of people's attitudes and knowledge

Ideal student Essay Example for Free

Ideal student Essay Students are the future hope of the country. A student is like clay which can be molded into any shape. Hence, it is very necessary that the student should be brought up and taught in the right ways. Teachers and parents are responsible for shaping the character of students. Discipline is the foremost quality of a student. He has to live with good behavior and in a discipline way. This is the time of life when the foundation of character is laid. A student without a sense of discipline is like a ship without a rudder. He should be obedient, cautious, humble and simple. He should respect his elders and gain knowledge so that he may become a good citizen. A good student should be studious. He should not only study but also let others study from him. For this he will have to be law-abiding. An ideal student should keep himself healthy by taking part in games and extra curricular activities. He should be an all rounder. He should select his friend intelligently and wisely. He should have no evil in him and let no evil tempt him. An ideal student should be any time helping and an amusing friend. He should keep the atmosphere lively by his humorous nature. He should never be passive in mind and body. He should take an active part in the activities of the school. He should be a source of inspiration for others. The school is a community and an ideal student should have good relations with his authorities and friends. He should be frank and fearless. An ideal student will admit his mistake, get it corrected and learn from it. He is fully conscious of his duties and responsibilities. He sets an example for the younger generation. An ideal student has many good qualities. He presents an ideal model of character before others such a student will be an asset to others.

Competitive Advantage Of Airline Industry In Singapore Tourism Essay

Competitive Advantage Of Airline Industry In Singapore Tourism Essay Singapore economy is one of most prosperous in the world. Singapore airline industry accounted for 5% of GDP and the industry value-added rate is 15%. As an important role in Singapore economy, Singapore airline industry has growing fast. In this paper will use the Porters Diamond Model (Factor endowments; Demand conditions; Related and supporting industries; Firm strategy, structure and rivalry; Chance Government) to analysis the competitive advantage of Singapore airline industry and explain how the Singapore airline industry developed its competitive advantages. Introduction Singapore economy environment Singapore economy is one of most prosperous in the world. Singapore economy is a capitalist mixed economy, with minimal government intervention in the market. It has an open business environment, relatively corruption-free and transparent, stable prices and one of the highest per capita gross domestic products (GDP) in the world. Airlines industry in Singapore Air travel is a large and growing industry. It facilitates economic growth, world trade, international investment and tourism and is therefore central to the globalization taking place in many other industries. In Singapore economic environment, the Singapore airlines industry had total revenue of $5.8 billion in 2009, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.7% for the period spanning 2005-2009. Industry volumes increased with a CAGR of 4.1% between 2005 and 2009, to reach a total of 18.1 million passengers in 2009. The performance of the industry is forecast to accelerate, with an anticipated CAGR of 11% for the five year period 2009-2014, which is expected to drive the industry to a value of $9.8 billion by the end of 2014 (Airlines Industry Profile: Singapore, 2010). Porters Diamond Model of Competitive Advantage The diamond model is an economical model developed by Michael Porter in his book The Competitive Advantage of Nations (Porter, 1990), where he published his theory of why particular industries become competitive in particular locations. Porters diamond model suggests that there are inherent reasons why some nations, and industries within nations, are more competitive than others on a global scale. The argument is that the national home base of an organization provides organizations with specific factors, which will potentially create competitive advantages on a global scale. The analysis is classified into six broad factors incorporated into the Porter diamond, which has become a key tool for the analysis of competitiveness: Factor endowments a nations position in factors of production such as skilled labor or the infrastructure necessary to compete in given industry. Demand conditions the nature of home demand for the industrys product or service. Related and supporting industries the presence or absence of supplier industries and related industries that are internationally competitive. Firm strategy, structure and rivalry the conditions governing how companies are created, organized, and managed and the nature of domestic rivalry. Chance events are occurrences that are outside of control of a firm. They are important because they create discontinuities in which some gain competitive positions and some lose. Government can influence each of the above four determinants of competitiveness. Clearly government can influence the supply conditions of key production factors, demand conditions in the home market, and competition between firms. Government interventions can occur at local, regional, national or supranational level. Figure 1: Porters Diamond Model www.google.com_000.jpg Source: The Competitive Advantage of Nations By using Porters diamond, business leaders may analyze the competitive factors which may reside in their home country company, and what factors may be used to achieve global competitive advantage. Business leaders can also use the Porters diamond model during a phase of internationalization, the leaders can use the model to analyze whether the factors in the domestic market to support the internationalization process, and whether in the country eligible to create a global scale competitive advantage. Analysis of Airline Industry in Singapore Factor endowments The factor endowments of airlines industry include human resources, capital, equipment and facilities, air space resources, etc. In human resources, due to the characteristics of technology-intensive in airlines industry, the organization requires a lot of professional and technical personnel. Meanwhile, the aviation industry also needs administrative, financial investment and sales staffs. The multi-cultural Singaporean workforce is highly educated, highly motivated and highly productive. It is also proficient in English the language of international business. Singapore has a large base of engineering talent, with the number of engineers in universities and polytechnics expanding steadily each year, in addition to the sizeable pool of skilled technicians. In addition, Singapore government through the open immigration policy enhances Singapores talent pool. This gives companies the opportunity to source for the best personnel from anywhere in the world (http://www.edb.gov.sg/edb/sg/en_uk/index/why_singapore/knowledge.html). For these reasons, the Singapore airlines industries have good manpower. In capital, airlines industry needs a large finance support, the aircrafts and airport cost millions of money. In Singapore, the worlds major banks have opened branches or offices. Therefore, the Singapore airline industries do not have problem in capital. For example, Commerzbank Singapore branch has 30 years experience in financing aircraft to arrange and manage the entire deal, and a complete suite of financing products (https://www.commerzbank.com.sg/en/financing/aircraft/aircraft_financing.htm). Although the Singapores skies are limited, however the airline industry not far from reaching saturation point. According to Lee Kuan Yew (former Prime Minister of Singapore), due to the aid of advanced navigation technology, Singapore can shorten the distance of the aircraft flight and to increase flights density, therefore Singapore in terms of the open skies, still have a lot of space. Demand conditions Airlines generally have a large number of buyers. Many of these are individual consumers purchasing flights directly from the airline, although there are business to business sales to charter companies, discounters, and similar buyers. With the increasing living standard, the customers are demand on convenient, comfortable and fast transportation. Travel by air is one of the best choices for Singapore customers. Firstly, Singapore has a strong international trade link, there are thousands of businessmen which from different countries doing business in Singapore. The businessmen through the air travel to make sure they can reach the right place on time. Secondly, Singapore is one of the most popular tourist cities in Asia. There are 10.8 million tourists visit Singapore in 2008. Furthermore, due to the population growth, Singapore has a great potential demand for air travel. Table 1: Singapore Population Statistics Year 2007 Total Population (000) 4588.6 Singapore Residents (000) 3583.1 Birth Rate (Per 1000 Population) 10.3 Death Rate (Per 1000 Population) 4.5 Infant Mortality Rate (Per 1000 Live Births) 2.1 (Source : www.singstat.gov.sg) (Source: Airlines Industry Profile: Singapore, 2010) According to the tables, it obviously shows that the passengers of Singapore airlines industry have increasing by year. Related and supporting industries The related and supporting industries including airports, air traffic control, navigation information, aviation fuel, air material and other support services, and aircraft manufacturing and maintenance of related industries. From the supply-side perspective, the airport provide the basic conditions for airlines industry, it contains safety and quality service. Changi Airport is the main airport in Singapore which humble beginnings in 1981. Changi Airport also is a major aviation hub in Southeast Asia. Currently managed by Changi Airport Group, Changi Airport was corporatized on 1 July 2009 to bring Changi to the next level and deliver an even better Changi Experience. (http://www.changiairport.com/our-business/about-changi-airport) Serving more than 90 international airlines flying to some 200 cities in 60 countries, Changi Airport handles about 5,000 arrivals and departures every week and over 37 million passengers a year. With over 40,000 square meters of commercial space, Changi Airport is also one of Singapores largest shopping locations. As the air traffic controller, Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) promotes a strong safety culture and embeds a robust safety framework, with a modern and progressive regulatory regime based on international best practices. Aircraft manufacturing and maintenance are the most important supporting industries for airlines industry. For Singapore airline industries, Boeing Company and Airbus is the main supplier for aircraft. Fortunately, Singapore also has its local brand. SIA Engineering Company is leading aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) company providing total maintenance solutions to an expanding client base of international airlines (http://www.siaec.com.sg/). Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry Local conditions affect firm strategy. For example, German companies tend to be hierarchical. Italian companies tend to be smaller and are run more like extended families. Such strategy and structure helps to determine in which types of industries a nations firms will excel. Singapore is a hierarchical paternalistic authoritarian illiberal state. Cause of Confucianism is strong; Singapore society is based on a hierarchical order of things. Rivalry in the Singapore airline industry is strong. Local rivalry forces firms to move beyond basic advantages that the home country may enjoy, such as low factor costs. The competitive landscape has several large companies, such as Singapore Airlines, alongside smaller competitors. Rivalry is increased by the presence of low-cost carriers in the market, as these companies can compete more intensely on price. Switching costs for buyers are low, which means that it is easy for them to change to a competitor. Cause of the globalization, there are many international competitors join in the Singapore market, such as China, Japan and India, etc. Chance The demand for air travel to the Asia Pacific is rising which is driven by increased economic activity in emerging Asian countries such as China and India. Traffic is projected to grow at 7% in China and India combined, above the world average of 5% in the fiscal year ended December 2007. Further, the share of Asia Pacific region in world passenger traffic is forecast to rise from 25% in 2003 to 31% in 2023. According to the update of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, the global tourism will rebound strongly in 2010. With the anticipated growth, business and consumer confidence has picked up. This growth in world tourism industry will enhance airline business. Singapore airlines industry can capitalize on this increase in world travel and tourism to enhance its business and generate additional revenues. Government Government is the important variable of affecting the competitiveness of the airline industry. In the past, the airline industry was at least partly government owned. The airline industry has been strongly controlled by agreements and policies. Airlines couldnt just fly to any destination or country without appropriate authorization. The deregulation of the Airline industry opens doors for more entrants to the market and increased competition. Singapore Airlines is still owned by the Singapore government and is still affected by such controls. Therefore, the government has great impact on the airline industry. In Singapore, the government is supporting the airline industry. The Singapore government has signed an agreement with the United States called Open Skies that gives both countries unrestricted flight access to each other countries. The open skies phenomenon is gathering momentum and more and more countries are signing up. Recently, the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CA AS) will be setting up an S$100-million Aviation Development Fund to further develop the local aviation industry. Conclusion Airline industry in Singapore has growing fast. Its due to have a good economic environment and stable politics. According to the analysis of Porters Diamond Model of Competitive Advantage, it obviously shows what competitive advantages of the Singapore airline industry have. Firstly, Singapore airline industries have the good human resources, finance support and other factor endowments. Secondly, the strong demand of market and the related and supporting industries. Additionally, the good opportunities and the government support. My recommendation for Singapore airline industry: Keep strong emphasis on the brand name and quality of service. Stay with the competitive advantage what the industries have, using the differentiation strategy. Maintain the innovation and complimentary products.

Sex In History Essay -- Sexuality

As we human beings have changed and evolved over our thousands of years of recorded history, so have our attitudes and expressions of all things sexual. The only thing that hasn't changed much is society's desire to exercise a certain amount of control over an individual's sexual behavior. Whether it be through church or state, educational institutions or popular media of the time, there have been rules and regulations, views and taboos about what we should do sexually, how we should do it, who we should do it with and even how we should think about doing it. Body parts A particular area of interest, naturally, has been the body and specifically those parts that are obviously connected with sex. We've alternately hidden and displayed, worshiped and derided male and female genitalia. In most non-Christian cultures there were gods and goddesses of power and fertility with exaggerated genitals. Some cultures liked penis gods so much they had several; for instance, the ancient Greeks honored Priapus, Dionysus and Hermes. The Egyptians exalted Osiris, Bacchus was the Roman version, and Shiva reigned in India. Penis and, less commonly, vulva worship, were practiced and this was reflected in objects connected with daily living. Vases in classical Greece were decorated with phalluses. In the ruins of Pompeii penis symbols were found just about everywhere, on bowls, lamps and figurines. Pitchers with enormous penis spouts were a unique specialty of the Mochica culture of Peru. The exteriors of medieval Irish churches were adorned with sculptures of Shelah-na-Gig, a vulva icon. In Egypt enormous symbols of penis power Ââ€" the obelisk Ââ€" were erected all over the landscape. Smaller penis symbols in the form of amulets and bracelet... ... modern birth control emerged in Egypt about 300 BC. There they used mechanical and chemical methods that foreshadow modern diaphragms, cervical caps and spermicides. Their versions included lint pads soaked in honey and acacia tips, and crocodile dung compacted with auyt-gum, both to be inserted into the vagina as a barrier to semen. Some Romans of the 4th century decided that the best way to prevent unwanted pregnancy was to diminish a wife's desire for sexual intercourse. Specific methods included: mouse dung liniment; swallowing pigeon droppings mixed with oil and wine; or rubbing her loins with the blood of ticks off a wild black bull. Condoms began to come into their own during the 18th century. They were usually made of sheep gut, or sometimes fish skin, and were originally introduced not for prevention of pregnancy but as a protection against syphilis.

History of Special Education Essay -- Special Education

History of Special Education Introduction Special education has faced many changes during the last century. During this time there have been many opinions on the way students with differences should be taught and treated. This paper will discuss the history of special education during the twentieth century. We will also discuss the laws associated with Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Finally we will discuss the current and future challenges that the laws have on special education. History of Special Education For most of our nation's history, children with special needs or disabilities were shunted aside. In spite of mandated education laws that had been in place since 1918, many students were denied education and forced to learn at home or be institutionalized. For the few mild or moderate disabilities students who were allowed to enroll in special programs in public school, they were often placed in classrooms separated from other students and denied a proper education. William (2008), points out, â€Å"Rarely was there anything 'special' about these programs. American society largely continued to view many people with disabilities as being crippled, feeble-minded, mentally defective, or diseased, under a medical model of disability.† These views and ideas often led many students with disabilities to drop out before graduating from high school.One of the first movements of special education in the United States started after World War ll, when several parents organized advocacy g roups surfaced in the states. The American Association on Mental Deficiency was one of the first groups to form and held its first conference in 1947 to address the needs of Special Education in the U.S.Several landmark cases also ha... ...ualized to the students’ needs, in an environment which best service the child. However, more is still needed to ensure that all students are being identified and served earlier, and that these service are more widely available to the students and their parents. As educators we should take steps to ensure that we are prepared to teach all students, and to help those students make a smooth transition into adulthood. Works Cited Heward, W. L. (2009). Exceptional children: An introduction to special education (9thed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Myhill, W. (2008). The First One Hundred Years of Special Education in America? 1817 to 1925. Retrieved December 9, 2010 from http://knol.google.com/k/william-myhill/ Pardini, P. (2002), The History of Special Education. Retrieved December 9, 2010 from http://www.rethinkingschools.org/archive/16_03/Hist163.shtml

Milk †Nutrition Essay

Got Milk? â€Å"Milk is a white fluid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals for the nourishment of their young, consisting of minute globules of fat suspended in a solution of casein, albumin, milk sugar, and inorganic salts† (milk). Humans have been consuming milk for thousands of years. As humans we usually consume milk beyond childhood getting it from our animal counterpart’s goats, sheep, and cattle, and using it as a food product. Nine out of ten of the milk consumed in the United States comes from cattle. There has been numerous debates on rather drinking milk is healthy for humans. Milk is present in numerous of humans all time favorite foods such as ice cream, yogurt, cheese, and butter, these products are known as dairy products. Milk comes in many different forms. For example: organic, conventional, homogenized, flavored, and non-dairy milk. Contrary to what many may think, there is no known difference between organic and raw milk. â€Å"Homogenization is a process that gives milk its rich, white color and smooth texture. Milk that has not been homogenized contains a layer of cream that rises to the top of a glass†. (Wokenfuss). Flavored milk is any milk with artificial flavoring including strawberry, chocolate, and vanilla flavored milks. Flavored milks contain more sugar and fat calories than unflavored milks, but it’s still contains the essential nutrients available in the milk. It was once said that â€Å"milk is one-stop shopping for nutrition†. Milk contains nearly all the nutrients that a growing child would need. It contains fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals, all these nutrients are essential in not only growing children but human beings in general. Milk is known as being very rich in calcium. Numerous studies were conducted and it was shown that four out of five serving of foods rich in calcium such as milk, cheese, and other dairy products are needed to optimize peak bone mass during teenage years. â€Å"Calcium plays an important role in building stronger, denser bones early in life and keeping bones strong and healthy later in life. † It has been said that dairy foods rich in calcium could possibly increase the speed of weight loss and also reduce the amount of body fat. Milk also has a high quality in protein. Protein helps increase energy, and it also helps build and prepare muscle tissue. â€Å"Vitamins are organic substances essential for many life processes. Milk includes fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K†¦ Because milk is an important source of dietary vitamin A, fat reduced products which have lost vitamin A with the fat are required to supplement the product with vitamin A. † (Douglas). Many critics argue the fact that milk is more harmful to humans than helpful. Dairy products add to numerous health problems. Milk doesn’t possess iron of its own, so it’s possibly could harm a child’s ability to absorb iron. Iron makes up a large amount of proteins in the body. Having low amount of it could result in deficiency anemia. Large amounts of the American people are lactose intolerant, meaning they can’t consume large amounts of lactose which is highly present in milk. â€Å"Studies have suggested that some of the nutritional benefits of milk may be lost when a lactase-deficient [lactose intolerant] individual consumes milk. Not only does this person fail to receive the calories normally supplied by the undigested carbohydrates; resultant diarrhea may lead to loss of protein as well. † ( Oski). We all have heard the saying â€Å"Milk creates strong bones†. There have been numerous debates on whether the calcium in dairy products really does assist the bones. Statistics show that teenagers bone health is not contributed to the amount of consumed calcium, but the amount of physical activity they partaken in their earlier years. There also hasn’t been any evidence to support the claim that consuming dairy products on a daily basis can contribute to weight loss. Consuming milk also hasn’t proved to be to any assistance later in life. It has been proven that the consumption of milk does increase the risk of ovarian cancer. â€Å"Many researchers say dairy products are high in saturated fat and cholesterol and have been linked to numerous illnesses and diseases such as diabetes, prostate cancer, heart disease, various allergies and Crohn’s disease. † (Garcia). In conclusion, I believe that the consumption of milk is not an important factor in living a healthy and normal life. Large amounts of research and studies were conducted, and I’ve reviewed the pros and cons of milk and dairy products, and I conclude that there are more harmful after effects from drinking milk than beneficial for human beings.

Into the Wild Essay

Jon Krakauer, the author of Into the Wild, and Chris McCandless, the main character, share very similar stories and personalities. The best was in which these similarities are depicted is in chapters 14 and 15, when Krakauer inserts himself into the story. In these chapters Krakauer highlights a lot of parallels between himself and McCandless and through these highlights we can look at Krakauer as a credible biographer because he has a deeper understand for McCandless’s motivations. Krakauer and McCandless have very similar obstacles and backgrounds which is exemplified in chapter 14. Both men at one point in life sought isolation, and more specifically, sought isolation with nature. Both thought they had something to prove, may it be to themselves or those around them. â€Å"I was twenty-three, a year younger than Chris McCandless when he walked into that Alaska bush† (Krakauer, 135). They are both two young men going out into the wilderness trying to live on their own and accomplish their own desired feat. Krakauer believed that since they shared similar challenges and characteristics, that their emotions and thoughts may have been the same too. No one really knows what McCandless was thinking at the time but Krakauer believes that he felt some loneliness from time to time. Krakauer once believed that he could live without people and friends just like McCandless though, but Krakauer admits that every once in a while he felt lonely so he infers that McCandless must have felt this same loneliness during his time in the wilderness. Krakauer also wants to elicit the comparison of their relationships with their fathers. â€Å"My father was a volatile, extremely complicated person, possessed of a brash demeanor that masked deep insecurities† (147). Both have fathers that they did not quite get along with and had tough relationships with. This also adds more credibility to Krakauer as a biographer as he shares yet another thing in common with McCandless. The motives of both characters are another important connection that must be made; both characters shared resilience and were determined to succeed. Krakauer’s own account is now made even more crucial to the book as we now see that both characters shared similar motives and mindsets. After being denied once by Devil’s Thumb Krakauer is still determined to climb to the top. â€Å"In truth my escapade on the north face had rattled me, and I didn’t want to go up the Thumb again at all. But the thought of returning to Boulder in defeat wasn’t very appealing either† (146). This can be compared to McCandless’s strong belief in his ability to survive. McCandless’s journey had not been an easy one and he had not been very successful, yet he was still determined in his abilities and would not give in. The fact that Krakauer also shares a similar mindset as McCandless makes his verdict about McCandless’s life that much more credible. Krakauer’s most important claim is that McCandless did not commit suicide. Even though McCandless states in his final postcard to Westerberg that he may never make it out alive, he still strongly belives in his own abilities. McCandless was under the false notion that, if he was able to survive everything so far, then he could survive the rest of his journey.

Effects of Child Abuse

Outline. The Effects Of Child Abuse. Introduction : Child Abuse is any physical and emotional mistreatment of a child. It is prominent in the form of injuries or how a child behaves. Child abuse can cause severe damage to the abused child even when the child has grown into an adult. This is because they have to deal with the psychological, physical and behavioural effect that is resulted from the abuse. Point 1 : Livestrong states that the physical injury of a child is the most obvious result of child abuse.Examples of physical injuries are bruises or broken bones. Point 2 : As indicated by Livestrong’s article titled â€Å"Causes and Effects of Child Abuse†, the child abused also suffers from psychological effect. Examples of psychological effect would be the feeling of isolation, fear, distrust, depression and low self-esteem. Point 3 : Livestrong also points out that an abused child will also undergo behavioural symptoms.Examples of behavioural effects are delinquenc y, teen pregnancy and teen drug issues. Conclusion : To sum it all up, an abused child goes through a difficult life due to the physical, psychological and behavioural trauma. They often feel insecure, worthless and alienated from the society. We as a part of society should be aware of our actions towards children and how others treat children as they grow into adulthood according to how they are treated by those around them.So let’s think of the children. Do you want your children to go through life like that? Pre-writing. The Effects Of Child Abuse. Physical Effects : – Physical injuries : bruises or broken bones. – Shaken baby syndrome – Impaired brain development – Long term problems with cognitive, language and academic abilities Psychological Effects : * Feel isolated * Fearful * Untrusting * Depression Behavioural Effects : * Delinquency * Teen pregnancy * Teen drug The Effects Of Child Abuse.

Professional Communication Essay

The reasoning behind ISO 9000 certification in manufacturing is to ensure uniformity in processes as an assurance of levels of quality. By creating sets of standards to which the manufacturing process must adhere, only acceptable product is released for shipment or sale. With the development of and subsequent compliance with ISO-9000 standards in mind, it is critical to construct a realistic and effective ISO standard. The cornerstone of this construction is the charter documentation. Just as the ISO standard itself is used as a quality control measure, the charter is a control method for the formulation of the standard itself. Basically, ISO in manufacturing is intended to cover two major areas- people and processes. Without giving personnel the proper training to carry out the standard, the processes will not be reflective of the quality standards brought forth by ISO. For these reasons, charters must be carefully developed in a multi-faceted approach. Charters are typically most effective when driven from the managerial/supervisory level from the beginning. In regard to this managerial input in the chartering process, management should detail their responsibility in the ISO program. This will achieve two very important things- it will be a reasonable assurance that the charter reflects the overall initiatives of the organization as envisioned by management and will show the subsequent lower levels of company hierarchy that this is something that management is taking a part in and not merely issuing a mandate without leadership by example. Just as management has to have a level of responsibility in the charter, the individuals who are involved in more of the hands-on aspects of production need to make a contribution to the charter. The insight that production personnel will be able to provide in the creation of a useful charter is vast. These individuals have seen the best and worst of the actual manufacturing that goes on daily; as such, best practices can be incorporated into the charter from the start. Design control must also have a place in the charter document; from the outset, of course the charter will correspond to existing product; in the case of new product development as an example, designs must fall under the same requirements as does a long-standing product. The same would apply to modifications of existing product. Document and data control are essential elements of the charter; being able to achieve uniformity and quality in the ways that work orders, shipping documentation, product specifications and purchase orders are created and processed will aid in the carry through of quality standards beyond the shop floor and into the administrative and clerical areas of the manufacturing facility. Up to this point, the charter has been considered in terms of how it will correspond to things being done correctly. Just as important is the consideration of what will be done when inevitable errors and problems arise. For these occurrences the proper planning and execution of corrective actions, as well as follow up to assure that the original error does not become a repeat event, can be incorporated into the charter. In this case, malfunctions are accounted for in addition to best practices. After the charter’s collaborators, scope and purpose is in place, the launch of the charter comes into play. The document itself begins with a clearly stated purpose which can literally be understood by those of technical and non-technical backgrounds alike. Not only can the words be understood in terms of what they explicitly say, but also easily lend themselves to adaptability on the part of the audience; in other words, the words can be processed in the mind of the audience and they can then begin the thought process of exactly what the Charter will ultimately mean to their job tasks, and most likely open up a dialogue among the audience members in regard to how they will all collaborate, with the Charter as a framework, for the achievement of quality objectives as required. If looking at nothing else but the intended use and audience of the Charter, the strengths are many. In fairness, however, some weaknesses likewise exist. Audience is perhaps the most important consideration in the production of any technical document, and especially in the case of the ISO Charter, not only because of the fact that this document, by its nature of being a quality control document should set an example for quality and would discredit the ISO process if it was not of the highest quality, but also because of the fact that the Charter is intended to be used by a huge variety of manufacturers, quite literally around the world. Because of these audience factors, the Charter often is interpreted not only according the particular industry that it will be dictating to, but also translated into different languages for different nations, and comprehension levels; for example, an automobile manufacturer in France will be using the same base document, in the form of the ISO Charter, as would a paper mill in Mexico- different industries, different cultures, and possibly even different educational levels and therefore levels of reading comprehension. Because of this, the demographic element of the audience for this particular document deserves additional discussion. The ISO Charter, by necessity and purpose, has to possess a sort of universal quality in terms of its intended audience; as was previously mentioned, the document will at any given time be used by any given industry in any given part of the world, creating operational and cultural variations that must be taken into account. Further, even within one organization itself, the Charter will have to be flexible in its target audience, which is better understood with a brief description of how an ISO Charter may be utilized at varying authority levels in the same operation. Initially, the Charter would be reviewed by the upper management, possibly delegated to middle management, and ultimately to the rank and file. This being understood, it is also important to understand that everyone must be able to interpret it and adapt what it teaches for their own uses if it is to achieve the ultimate goals that led to the adaptation of the Charter in the first place. The close relationship between the charter and the subsequent ISO standards that will branch out from it are much like blueprints from which a finished product emerges. Because the charter has multi-level participation, precise details of how all areas of the manufacturing facility will be involved in the end goal of quality in line with ISO, and controls in place in the event of errors or problems, the charter possesses the unique ability to literally instill quality in the ISO standard itself. While the viewpoint of some manufacturers is that ISO is best used as an effective means to gain competitive advantage merely by the existence of the ISO logo on finished products, the true intention of correctly used ISO standards- continuous improvement, an assured level of quality, and the means to fix whatever may jeopardize that standard of quality- seems to be more palatable to the majority of manufacturers. This is especially so given the dynamic nature of the competition in some industries. Guided by an efficient charter, the ISO standard can be properly formulated and enacted over the long term in pursuit of quality objectives.

The Bengal Region

The Bengal Region Bengal is a region in the northeastern Indian Subcontinent, defined by the river delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers. This rich agricultural land has long supported one of the densest human populations on Earth, despite the danger from floods and cyclones. Today, Bengal is divided between the nation of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, India. In the larger context of Asian history, Bengal played a key role in ancient trade routes as well as during the Mongol invasion, British-Russian conflicts, and the spread of Islam to Eastern Asia. Even the distinct language, called Bengali or Bangla - which is an eastern Indo-European language and a linguistic cousin of Sanskrit - spread throughout much of the Middle East, with about 205 million native speakers. Early History The derivation of the word Bengal or  Bangla  is unclear, but it appears to be quite ancient. The most convincing theory is that it comes from the name of the Bang  tribe, Dravidic-speakers who settled the river delta sometime around 1000 B.C. As part of the Magadha region, the early Bengal population shared a passion for arts, sciences, and literature and are credited with the invention of chess as well as the theory that the Earth orbits the Sun. During this time, the main religious influence came from Hinduism and ultimately shaped early politics through the fall of the Magadha era, around 322 B.C. Until the Islamic conquest of 1204 - which placed Bengal under control of the Delhi Sultanate - Hindu remained the regions main religion and through trade with Arab Muslims introduced Islam far earlier to their culture, this new Islamic controlled to the spread of Sufism in Bengal, a practice of mystic Islam which still dominates the regions culture to this day. Independence and Colonialism By 1352, though, the city-states in the region managed to unify again as one nation, Bengal, under its ruler Ilyas Shah. Alongside the Mughal  Empire, the newly founded Bengal Empire served as the subcontinents strongest economic, cultural and trade powers - its sea ports meccas of commerce and exchanges of traditions, art, and literature. In the 16th century, European traders began to arrive at Bengals port cities, bringing with them western religion and customs as well as new goods and services. However, by 1800 the British East India Company controlled the most military power in the region and Bengal fell back to colonial control. Around 1757 to 1765, the central government and military leadership in the region fell to BEIC control. Constant rebellion and political unrest shaped the course of the next 200 years, but Bengal remained - for the most part - under foreign rule until India gained independence in 1947, taking with it West Bengal - which was formed along religious lines and left Bangladesh its own country as well. Current Culture and Economy The modern-day geographic region of Bengal - which encompasses West Bengal in India and Bangladesh -   is primarily an agricultural region, producing such staples as rice, legumes, and high-quality tea. It also exports jute. In Bangladesh, manufacturing is becoming increasingly important to the economy, particularly the garment industry, as are remittances sent home by overseas workers. The Bengali people are divided by religion. Around 70 percent are Muslim due to Islam first being introduced in the 12th century by  Sufi  mystics, who took control of much of the region, at least in terms of shaping government policy and national religion; the remaining 30 percent of the population is mostly  Hindu.

What is a Prologue (and How to Write One) 7 Insider Tips from Editors

What is a Prologue (and How to Write One) 7 Insider Tips from Editors What Is a Prologue - and How to Write One Readers Won't Skip Some call it the "introduction" to a story, or a first of â€Å"two beginnings.† While there's some debate on how they function as a literary device (more on that later), it is agreed upon that a good prologue contains information that is vital to the rest of the story - though often not in a way that’s immediately apparent.A prologue is mainly necessary if it contains information that would hinder the narrative if present in the body of the novel. Think of it a bit like an appetizer: if done right, it can perfectly prepare you for the main course. If done carelessly, it can ruin your appetite for the novel.Before we talk about the best way to write a prologue, let's make sure we're all on the same page about what a prologue is - and isn’t.What is a prologue - and how is it different from a foreword, preface, and introduction?It’s easy to confuse prologues with prefaces - they’re both P-words that refer to the bit before the beginning of a book: the front matter. But they’re not the same, and neither are forewords or introductions.A prologue prepares the reader for the story they’re about to read with information that is necessary to have before the start of the novel itself. Mostly used in fiction.A foreword is written by someone who is not the author of the book - usually a public figure or authority on the subject matter at hand. The foreword explains some significant connection between its writer and the book or the book’s author. Used in both fiction and nonfictionA preface gives the reader a look at how the book came to be. It explains the goal of the book, its development, and acknowledges the parties who contributed to the book. Mostly used in nonfiction, sometimes in fiction. You can go this way to learn more about prefaces.An introduction deals specifically with the subject of the book. It might offer supplemental information or explain the perspective of the writer(s). While a preface doesn 't typically contain information critical to the reader’s understanding of the book, an introduction usually does. Mostly used in nonfiction.The prologue is the opposite of an epilogue, which comes at the end of a novel. Now we’re all clear on this particular literary device, let’s take a closer look at its purpose and determine whether it’s the right start for your story. Tips from professional editors on how to write a prologue that will stick with readers. How to write a prologue: tips from our editorsNo one hates being told â€Å"these are the rules† more than writers. We get it, writing is a personal thing and reading is a subjective pleasure. But since the popularization of the novel in the 18th century, certain ways of writing a prologue have emerged as being more reliable than others.Below are tips from our editors on its ideal uses, and suggestions for when an author is better off diving straight into Chapter One.Do write a prologue that...Provides a crucial glimpse into the past or future When you read the first chapter of a book, you expect to settle into a story you’ll spend the next couple hundred pages with. So a first chapter that starts at one point in time only to shoot forward or backward a significant number of years can feel a bit out of the blue. If some part of the backstory is an integral piece of knowledge to have at the outset of your novel, the prologue can be a good way of delivering this without throwing the reader off. Likewise some authors to start with the aftermath of the story, then double back in the first chapter to answer the question, "How did we get to this point?Recommended read: for an intro that begins in the present and then flashes back in time in the first chapter, read  The Bridges of Madison County. The mini-series adaptation of Pillars of the Earth, image: Tandem Communications)What makes this crucial information work as a prologue instead of just a first chapter is that it introduces the questions that the rest of the novel will spend answering: has this man been set up? Why? Will the woman’s curse serve to bring the guilty parties to justice? Set in 1123, twelve years prior to Chapter One, the prologue frames the themes that the story will explore.Pale Fire by Vladimir NabokovWritten by Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire is a novel in the form of a 999-line poem (yes you read that right. The poem itself has been written by fictional poet John Shade, and the novel opens with a â€Å"foreword† written by a neighbor and academic colleague of Shade, Charles Kinbote.Let me state that without my notes Shade's text simply has no human reality at all since the human reality of such a poem as his... has to depend entirely on the reality of its author and his surroundings, attac hments and so forth, a reality that only my notes can provide. To this statement my dear poet would probably not have subscribed, but, for better or worse, it is the commentator who has the last word.CHARLES KINBOTE Oct. 19, 1959, Cedarn, UtanaOf primary significance here is the fact that it immediately sets up an overarching theme of the novel: things are not always what they seem. A former editor-in-chief of Scholastic’s Magazine, Tim Major notes that his favorite prologue â€Å"appears to be separate from the novel but is in fact very much a part of it.†Nabokov also uses the prologue to introduce us to the notion of the unreliable narrator and puts the reader in a critical frame of mind. For example, Kinbote spends the majority of the foreword (which is meant to be about the poem it preludes), talking about himself, and steadfastly claims that his interpretation of the poem is the correct one while making vague and strange remarks that suggest a lack of self-awareness.For more examples of effective prologues, check out the following novels:Fantasy: A Game of Thrones by George RR MartinThriller: Empire Falls by Richard RussoLiterary: The Piano Tuner by Daniel MasonRomance: Water for Elephants by Sara GruenScience Fiction: Jurassic Park by Michael CrichtonTo prologue or not to prologue?Now that we’ve discussed what goes into a well-written prologue, you might still be doubting whether your story needs one. The fact is, if you’re unsure, it probably doesn’t. But this decision must be based on your story, and not on any preconceived ideas of good practice. Even when it comes to agents, there is dissent on the subject of prologues. Tim Major remarks, â€Å"Agents, publishers and readers must be hooked by the first line, paragraph and page of a novel by an unfamiliar author. I suspect that few writers would claim that their prologue represents the most compelling aspects of their novel.† While Andrea Hurst notes: â€Å"As an agent, if the intro is short, strong, and adds to the story, I enjoy it.†If you’ve written a prologue that wouldn’t work just as well as a first chapter, has clear and necessary relation to th e rest of the story, doesn’t serve just to hook readers, create atmosphere, or info-dump, and doesn’t begin with, â€Å"A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away,† then you must be on the right track.

Pain Hurts More When It Feels Meaningless †Philosophy Essay

Pain Hurts More When It Feels Meaningless – Philosophy Essay Free Online Research Papers Pain Hurts More When It Feels Meaningless Philosophy Essay â€Å"All life involves suffering,† the First Noble Truth of Buddhism. Can anyone in this world deny that they’ve suffered? I can’t. Everyone suffers but it is how we deal with our suffering that makes the difference. Sometimes bad things happen in our lives and most of the time â€Å"for no reason (Job 8).† I find it hard to believe in a good and powerful â€Å"God† that would allow bad things to happen to the good, and especially for no reason. â€Å"†¦God has tricked me, and lured me into his trap. I call but there is no answer; I cry out, and where is justice (Job 48)?† If there is a God I don’t think he is either good or all powerful. For me it is easier to think of there being something else in the world that is more powerful than God, or that there just isn’t a God, than to believe in a God that would let young children be rapped and killed, allow slavery, or let there be a world in which some people live in castles and others die of starvation. â€Å"You said, ‘Suffer little children to come unto me, and harm them not.’ You let them go wanting, sit on road shoulders, crying next to their dead mothers. I’ve seen them charred, lame, halt. You forgot, Lord. You forgot how and when to be God (TM 181).† How can a good God allow this to happen? In The Bluest Eye Pecola, being an eleven year old girl with few friends, and not a very loving home, was rapped by her father. Why? Would a good and all powerful God allow this to happen? I don’t think so, I think it is easier to believe in a God who isn’t good, than to believe in a God that would allow this to happen. Kushner asks us, â€Å"Can suffering be educational (Kush 19)?† I suppose in a way it could be, but what did Pecola have to learn? What did Kushner’s own son, dying so young, have to learn? Or is the suffering so those around them can learn something? And is it even possible to justify a young child being rapped or dying so others can learn something? I can’t believe in a God that would allow that to happen. I learn that our children need to be protected, to be loved, but is that lesson worth all the pain? â€Å"I’d rather suffer every unspeakable suffering God sends, knowing that it was I that suffered, I that earned the need to suffer (JB 123).† J.B. would suffer everything God wanted him to suffer if he just knew that he deserved to suffer, that he did something to cause the suffering. But he wouldn’t want someone else, like a young child, to suffer because of him, or for him to learn from it. I feel the same way. If I did something to deserve the suffering then so be it, but don’t let a young child suffer on my behalf when they are so innocent. There is a song by the band Good Charlotte, and some of the lyrics go; â€Å"But we all bleed the same way as you do. And we all have the same things to go through. Hold on if you feel like letting go. Hold on it gets better than you know. Don’t stop looking, you’re one step closer. Don’t stop searching, it’s not over.† It always makes me think about how we all suffer, there is no one who doesn’t, we need support of others to remind us that we can hold on, that one day it won’t hurt so much, and we don’t suffer alone. But we need to keep searching for what it is that is making us hurt so we can face it and maybe relieve it. I think this relates a lot to what Thich Nhat Hanh tells us about the Buddha. â€Å"We must, first of all, recognize that we are suffering and then determine whether its basis is physical, physiological, or psychological. Our suffering needs to be identified (TNH 29).† â€Å"Do we need to name our sins to know the need to be forgiven (JB 125)?† Do we need to know the reason for our suffering in order to eliminate it? To be able to deal with our suffering, we have to identify our suffering, know why in order to get it out of our hearts and lives. In The Book of Job there is a quote that has always stuck with me, â€Å"Can’t he tell right from wrong or keep his accounts in order (Job 73)?† This fits so well with When Bad Things Happen to Good People. Can God not keep track of who in this world is good and should be taken care of, and those that are bad and should be punished? â€Å"†¦because God is a righteous judge who gives them exactly what they deserve (Kush 9).† But did Pecola deserve to be rapped? Did Rabbi Kushner’s son deserve to die at such a young age? Did Lupe, in One Day of Life, deserve to have her family killed because they were fighting for their rights? What could a young, innocent, child do to deserve such a terrible incident, and death? When people are fighting to be free, to live with equal rights, do they deserve to be killed? These are questions I ask myself almost every day, and I can’t answer them. Not without contradicting everything I have ever been taught about God. That God is all powerful, that God is good and just. But if God is good and loving then why do the good suffer? And if God is all powerful, than why do he allow the good suffer? If there is free will in our lives and God doesn’t want to change that then is he really good if he would let his children suffer? If he is all powerful than is he a good God if he chooses not to stop the suffering? â€Å"God has a pattern into which all of our lives fit. His pattern requires that some lives be twisted, knotted, or cut short, while others extend to impressive lengths, not because one thread is more deserving than another, but simply because the pattern requires it (Kush 18).† But this pattern still wouldn’t work, because if God was good then why would he create a pattern in which people suffered for no reason? Ever since I was really able to think for myself I have struggled with so many of these questions. Even know I still can’t really answer them. â€Å"I heard upon his dry dung heap that man cry out who cannot sleep: ‘If God is God he is not good, if God is good he is not God (JB 11).† How can you get more specific than this? It is perfect in explaining God. If he is God than he is not good if he allows all the suffering to occur and if he is good he’s not God, not all powerful, if he can’t stop the suffering. â€Å"Thinking is the speech of our mind. Right Thinking makes our speech clear and beneficial. Because thinking often leads to action, Right Thinking is needed to take us down the path of Right Action (TNH 59).† In order to deal with the suffering around us we need to have the right thoughts about it to be able to act and deal with the suffering in our lives. There is a story about a family with a young boy, who had to have there sick dog put to sleep. They decided to have their son present with them when the dog was put down. Afraid he would be sad and not understand they asked him how he felt about his dog dying. He responded, â€Å"God put people on earth to learn how to love, be kind, and treat people good. Dogs already know how to do this so they don’t have to live as long.† Thich Nhat Hanh tells us, â€Å"When you practice Right View and Right Thinking, you dwell deeply in the present moment, where you can touch seeds of joy, peace, and liberation, heal and transform your suffering, and be truly present for many others (TNH 63).† I think this story fits great with Thich Nhat Hanh in that if you can get past all the suffering than there is joy, peace, happiness, and love in our lives. We can realize that if we think rightly and we can be happy, even if there has been suffering. J.B. says it, â€Å"We have no choice but to be guilty. God is unthinkable if we are innocent (JB 111).† For me God is unthinkable, how can I believe in a God that would allow good, innocent people to suffer? To deal with the suffering in my life I now believe that if there is a God he isn’t all powerful, and that he isn’t good. He is a God that created man, created this world, and just lets us be. Watching from afar, almost like a movie. In the end we are not judge upon our beliefs and understandings, but on how we deal with the problems and suffering in our lives, and how we choose to live. If we can realize that ALL life involves suffering, and find a way to deal with it to help ourselves and others than we have succeeded in life. I have a quote from class, and I don’t remember where it is from but it is, â€Å"the meaning doesn’t lie in the event itself but in our response to it.† How we respond and deal with our suffering is wha t matters, not the events that caused our suffering. â€Å"Pain hurts more when it feels meaningless.† What this class is all about. I don’t know if I could ever think that people suffer for a reason, that there is meaning to anyone’s suffering; that someone deserves to suffer. Is it possible to do something so evil when you are eleven that you deserve to be rapped by your father? Is it possible to have done something so evil, even before you are born, to deserve being born with a terrible disease? What is the possible meaning to this suffering? What good could possibly come out of this for them that would cause them to stop suffering? What meaning is there to find out of being rapped by your father? Pain is pain; it is going to hurt. I don’t think it is always possible to find meaning in our suffering. Life is full of pain and suffering. That is just the way it is. To believe in a God that is good and all powerful isn’t possible. If he was good he wouldn’t allow all the suffering in to world for no reason. If he was all powerful he should stop the suffering. God is an unthinkable God because he is not all powerful and isn’t good. There is suffering in the world because others cause our suffering, but instead of increasing the suffering in the world we need to try and eliminate ours by realizing that pain is a fact of life, there is no changing it. 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Creativity and Innovation essay part 2

Creativity and Innovation essay part 2 Creativity and Innovation essay part 2 Creativity and Innovation essay part 2Creativity and Innovation essay part  1Briefing for executivesThe development of the new product, APP, the new application that allows watching video from various websites opens new perspectives for the business development of the company because the new product will attract customers, who are interested in watching video online. The advantage of the new application is the compatibility of the application with diverse video codecs. At the same time, the development and introduction of the new product will need the creation of the idea factory that will help to elaborate the new application concept and key features of the application. The idea factory is very helpful, when it is applied to innovative products. At the same time, the proposed product needs the elaboration of the effective marketing strategy and the introduction of the new product will need the adaption of the APP to specificities of the company introducing the product. At the same time, the enhancement of the APP by means of the development of the truly universal application but the company should come prepared to possible challenges. In such a situation, it is possible to point out that the creation of the plan with the help of the idea factory can help to develop and introduce the new product to make it successful and bring the company introducing the product marketing and financial benefits.Overview of objectives, philosophy and approachIn actuality, diverse theories offer different views on human thinking but there is no universal homogeneous view on ways of thinking used by people. Different theories agree only on the diversity of ways of thinking and they distinguish general trends and factors that determine the way people think, like intuition or logic. For instance, according to the Adaption-Innovation theory, the existence of diverse problems, which people have to serve, contributes to the diversity of ways of thinking people use to solve those prob lems. At this point, I can refer to my personal experience since my vision of human thinking and my way of thinking has been different before I have got acquainted with the Adaption-Innovation theory.The adaption-innovation theory holds the premise that all people are creative because they need creativity to solve problems (Luo Bernacki, 2014). This fact was well known for me and I believed that managers should encourage the creativity of employees to enhance their performance. I believed that all people have the creative potential, which they can use to introduce innovations. However, as the adaption-innovation theory places emphasis on the fact that people face different problems they elaborate different problem solving strategies based on their specific way of thinking (Luo Bernacki, 2014). In addition, people use their creativity to solve problems that may also differ. What is meant here is the fact that people have different creative potential some are more creative than othe rs. As a result, they use different ways of thinking. For instance, the most creative people are innovators, who are people that are capable to invent new solutions to problems, which they face in their life. Moreover, innovators can introduce new solutions to existing problems as well as they can offer solutions to new problems, which they have never faced before. For instance, innovators kept exploring and finding new solutions to the problem of transportation and invented airplanes, although, by that time, people had plenty of land transport technologies, including cars and railways, which allowed them to transport to the target destination relatively fast.So far I would agree with the adaption-innovation theory since I believed that managers can enhance the performance of their employees and stimulate the development of their innovative activities. However, to my surprise the adaption-innovation theory insists that, aside of innovators, there are adaptors, who do not innovate th emselves but adapt the invented solution to problems (Luo Bernacki, 2014). At this point, it is important to place emphasis on the fact adaptors are not necessarily poor in the development of effective solutions. In fact, adaptors may be as important as innovators for communities or organizations. For instance, innovators can introduce an excellent, innovative solution to the problem, but fail to complete the introduction of the innovation, whereas it is the adaptor that will adapt the innovation and make it perfect for the solution of the particular problem.Hence, I agree with the Adaption-innovative theory idea that people develop different ways of thinking. In this respect, the Adaption-Innovation theory places emphasis on the fact that specific ways of thinking develop on the ground of problems people deal with in their regular life. The interdependence between problems and approaches to their resolution that involve different ways of thinking is reasonable but still such a vie w is not perfect (Tharpe Gallimore, 2008). In fact, people develop different ways of thinking dealing with different problems but still some people are more inclined to resolve their problems with the help of intuition, while others rely on logic and reason (Vygotsky, 2012). Hence, a priori they will use different approaches. In such a context, the creativity of individuals becomes the crucial factor that determines the way of thinking (Piager, 2005). The creativity is one of the major drivers of thinking since it helps people to find more and more sophisticated and successful solutions to more and more complex problems, which they confront in the course of their life.The idea factory will help to create the concept of the new product, its key features and steadily give insight into the essence of the new product. At the same time, the new product is destined for a large customer group, including all those users, who are interested in watching videos online. At this point, the idea factory should evaluate the target customer group, its expectations and goals as well as possible customer behavior. In actuality, the target customer group of the APP is broad because users tend to watch video online, especially due to the emergence of new technologies, social networks and modern IT that facilitate the data transmission and sharing. The introduction of the new application will attract many customers but the company should protect its intellectual property rights and prevent the risk of information breaches and other problems associated with cyber crimes and which the company introducing the APP may confront.The key strategies and tacticsCreativity and Innovation essay part  3

A Closer Look at Alice Munros Short Story Runaway

A Closer Look at Alice Munros Short Story Runaway Runaway,  by the Nobel Prize-winning Canadian author Alice Munro, tells the story of a young woman who refuses a chance to escape a bad marriage. The story debuted in the August 11, 2003,  issue of The New Yorker. It also appeared in Munros 2004 collection by the same name. You can ​read the story for free on The New Yorkers website. Multiple Runaways Runaway people, animals, and emotions abound in the story. The wife, Carla, is twice a runaway. When she was 18 and college-bound, she ran off to marry her husband, Clark, against her parents  wishes and has been estranged from them since. And now, getting on a bus to Toronto, she runs away a second time- this time from Clark. Carlas beloved white goat, Flora, also appears to be a runaway, having inexplicably disappeared shortly before the start of the story. (By the end of the story, though, it seems likely that Clark has been trying to get rid of the goat all along.) If we think of runaway  as meaning out of control  (as in runaway train),  other examples come to mind in the story. First, there is Sylvia Jamiesons runaway emotional attachment to Carla (what Sylvias friends describe dismissively as an inevitable crush on a girl). There is also Sylvias runaway involvement in Carlas life, pushing her along a path that Sylvia imagines is best for Carla, but which she is, perhaps, not ready for or doesnt really want. Clark and Carlas marriage seems to be following a runaway trajectory. Finally, there is Clarks runaway temper, carefully documented early in the story, that threatens to become truly dangerous when he goes to Sylvias house in the night to confront her about encouraging Carlas departure. Parallels Between Goat and Girl Munro describes the goats behavior in ways that mirror Carlas relationship with Clark. She writes: At first she had been Clark’s pet entirely, following him everywhere, dancing for his attention. She was as quick and graceful and provocative as a kitten, and her resemblance to a guileless girl in love had made them both laugh. When Carla first left home, she behaved much in the starry-eyed manner of the goat. She was filled with giddy delight  in her pursuit of a more authentic kind of life  with Clark. She was impressed by his good looks, his colorful employment history, and everything about him that ignored her. Clarks repeated suggestion that Flora might have just gone off to find herself a billy  obviously parallels Carlas running away from her parents to marry Clark. Whats especially troubling about this parallel is that the first time Flora disappears, she is lost but still alive. The second time she disappears, it seems almost certain that Clark has killed her. This suggests that Carla is going to be in a much more dangerous position for having returned to Clark. As the goat matured, she changed alliances. Munro writes, But as she grew older she seemed to attach herself to Carla, and in this attachment, she was suddenly much wiser, less skittish- she seemed capable, instead, of a subdued and ironic sort of humor. If Clark has, in fact, killed the goat (and it seems likely he has),  it is symbolic of his commitment to killing off any of Carlas impulses to think or act independently- to be anything but the guileless girl in love  who married him. Carla’s Responsibility Though Clark is clearly presented as a murderous, stultifying force, the story also places some of the responsibility for Carlas situation on Carla herself. Consider the way Flora allows Clark to pet her, even though he may have been responsible for her original disappearance and is probably about to kill her. When Sylvia tries to pet her, Flora puts her head down as if to butt. Goats are unpredictable,  Clark tells Sylvia. They can seem tame but they’re not really. Not after they grow up.  His words seem to apply to Carla, as well. She has behaved unpredictably, siding with Clark, who was causing her distress, and butting  Sylvia by exiting the bus and forgoing the escape Sylvia has offered. For Sylvia, Carla is a girl who needs guidance and saving, and it is hard for her to imagine that Carlas choice to return to Clark was the choice of an adult woman. Is she grown up?  Sylvia asks Clark about the goat. She looks so small. Clarks answer is ambiguous: She’s as big as she’s ever going to get.  This suggests that Carlas being grown up  might not look like Sylvias definition of grown up.  Eventually, Sylvia comes to see Clarks point. Her letter of apology to Carla even explains that she made the mistake of thinking somehow that Carlas freedom and happiness were the same thing. Clarks Pet Entirely On first reading, you might expect that just as the goat shifted alliances from Clark to Carla, Carla, too, might have changed alliances, believing more in herself and less in Clark. Its certainly what Sylvia Jamieson believes. And its what common sense would dictate, given the way Clark treats Carla. But Carla defines herself entirely in terms of Clark. Munro writes: While she was running away from him- now- Clark still kept his place in her life. But when she was finished running away, when she just went on, what would she put in his place? What else- who else- could ever be so vivid a challenge? And it is this challenge that Carla preserves by holding out against the temptation  to walk to the edge of the woods- to the place where she saw the buzzards- and confirm that Flora was killed there. She doesnt want to know.

10 Good Reasons to Keep Studying on Holidays

10 Good Reasons to Keep Studying on Holidays Holidays are the most perfect time of the year for a college student, and of course it is very tempting to start hanging out all the time and forget even about the existence of homework. Very often studies are associated with constant stress and deadlines, but with a right approach you can change things for the better and start to actually enjoy your homework! So why should you continue studying and how to make it more enjoyable? You can be your own boss Remember those papers with specific deadlines and the topics you dont actually like? Theres no need to follow these requirements anymore – you can do things you actually want to. Imagine that youre the professor who tells you what to do and what kind of assignments to complete. You dont have to rush anymore The hardest thing during the semester is the amount of work you receive and all the deadline which need to be followed. During the holidays you can create your own schedule – when and what to study. It will make things much easier and youll be free at nights to spend some time with your friends. You dont have to study in the classroom anymore The best way to concentrate on your studies is to change places where you study. Class rooms may be very boring, so you need to find another place. It is almost impossible to study at home, when you get distracted by your family. And it is tempting to start watching your favourite TV show instead of studying. Choose some other places where no one can disturb you – it can be a park, a coffee shop or a public library. You will be able not only to study, but also explore your city and find some new exciting places! You can have as many breaks as you want It is proven that its much easier to study with a lot of short breaks. It is very hard to concentrate on studying for more than 40 minutes. So try to change your activities – after studying, relax for about 10-15 minutes and do something fun, like playing Xbox. It will distract you for a while, and will be good motivation to keep on studying. You can set realistic goals There is no need to push limits and set unreasonable goals. You cannot possibly study more than 3 hours a day during holidays. Stick to the time you can actually handle! You should be results oriented, not on working hours. With proper motivation, you can complete much more in 1 hour, than usually. You can choose different types of on-line education There is no need to stick to old class books – since you have a lot of free time now, try to use websites that offer on-line education like Coursera! It is very interesting, it will take about 4 hours of work during the week. The assignments are usually creative. On discussion boards you can meet new people from all around the globe. You will be able to explore new topics If you chose to take some classes on-line, you can retake the courses youve already learned this year, like marketing or economics, or you can try something totally new – start programming, learn some music theory or basic cryptography. Such new topics may be super exciting to learn, and you can expend your horizons. You will be ready for the next semester Remember the time when you got back from the school break and you forgot everything youve learned so far? It is easy to get distracted from the studies at summer, especially with all that partying and having fun. So if you study at least couple of times a week, you will notice your progress after everybody start a new school year. You can stay active and study at the same time You have a lot of free time at summer, so if you chose to study, you shouldnt forget about being active. Go swimming or running, spend some time at the gym. It will make you more energetic and help you with the further studies, which may become boring if youre not active enough. Sports will make you more confident in completing complex tasks. You will have enough rest Since its summer now, you dont have to exhaust yourself with studying till 3 AM to meet the deadlines. It is very important to get enough sleep, at least 8 hours a day. It will keep your mind fresh, and ready for learning something new. You can try to read something interesting and useful before going to bed and your brain will process all the information, while youre sleeping. Studying may be a very hard thing during the semester and students start to dream about holidays to avoid it and have some fun. But if you think about the whole process from another angle, you will understand that studying and learning new things could become perfect activities. Especially during holidays! So dont think about studying as something painful and stressful. Make it fun! Any study tips to share? Well, at least tell us how do you spend your summer holidays!

Business environment report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business environment report - Essay Example The oil and gas industry, established after the discovery oil pits near early civilisations and subsequent utilisation of the liquid, is characterised by numerous petroleum products that are because of purification processes accorded the crude oil. Petroleum is a crucial element to the economy with numerous applications across all industries, and it is, therefore, critical to maintain the supply to drive the global economy. Apart from driving the global economy, the industry provides employment chances to many workers around the world. BP plc is a major player in the oil and gas industry and is ranked fifth by market capitalisation as well as revenues. Owing to the significance of this company in the society, it is serves as a prime subject of evaluation based on performance in view various environmental factors. While focusing on environmental scanning, this paper seeks to explore the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors that influence BP†™s performance. However, this paper overlooks the physical infrastructure and corporate organisation with regard to governance since these are internal aspects influenced by the institution’s service mandate. ... Governments exercise their regulatory powers in the oil and gas industry through trading policies that seek are geared to ensure sustainability of the much-depended commodity. The recent oil spill at the Gulf of Mexico involving BP asserts the role of political organs in organisations. Following this incidence, President Obama visited the site and offered to increase the work force in efforts to clean up the spill while calling for stronger oversight to avoid such incidences. Evidently, BP has been under enormous scrutiny following the incidence that caused rifts among entities calling for harsh penalties against the company and those assisting in the clean-up exercise (Kapucu 2011, p.23). It lies within the government’s responsibility to ensure that environmental accidents are avoided or responded to promptly. Similarly, the oil industry is often subject to political stability where prices fluctuate owing to harsh economic environments created. Political instability and tensi on affects the cost of production by encouraging hoarding, which creates artificial crisis in the sector. Moreover, diplomatic relations play a critical role in fostering international trade and expansion of multinational corporations. BP is placed in a unique platform that is supported by favourable political structures, which encourage foreign investment and understand the benefits realised by the endeavour. With its headquarters in the United Kingdom, compliance to the European Union’s regulation policies with regard to fuel components is key to BP’s operations. Economic Notably, prevailing economic factors play a major role in influencing the national and international economy. For this reason, it is

Specific Teaching Methods - Reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Specific Teaching Methods - Reading - Essay Example Partner reading may involve utilizing one peer of a higher ability grouping than another. However, the students can be of the same reading level and still obtain great benefit to this reading strategy. The quality of the feedback given through partner reading provides the students with the opportunity to improve the quality of their reading. Not only do students get the chance to practice reading aloud, they also get the added benefit of listening to the reading of another individual. Therefore, if the partner is of a higher ability then the less fluent reader would have a model from which to follow. The student with less ability then can critique the higher ability student and state where improvement is needed based on a given fluent reading criteria. A third strategy to build reading fluency in students is sustained silent reading (SSR). Sustained silent reading (SSR) refers to the reading of material for an uninterrupted period of time without reading aloud. Thus, one is required to read in one’s mind. The teacher may establish a specific time during the school day for all students and teacher to participate in this activity. Researchers have concluded that SSR with guidance and feedback assists students in reading fluently and consequently in their comprehension skills. SSR allows the student to obtain practice in reading material that is appropriate for the student’s reading level thereby improving the confidence and desire for the student to read. Another strategy that boosts students’ confidence is the reader’s theatre. For the reader’s theatre understanding of the text rather than simply recall of the words is important. Advocates of this strategy assert that students should be given a copy of the text. The teacher should read the text aloud then allow students to read the material several times through echo reading or choral reading. Finally, the teacher

Case Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Case Problem - Essay Example In this essay, the aim is to argue that in the case of Isabella vs. Cato, the former can successfully, enforce the latter’s promise. The background of this case is that Cato promised Isabella $40,000 upon enrolment and subsequent graduation from college to which the latter successfully does. Upon demand of the honoring of the promise, Cato cites lack of contract and enforceability. In this case, Cato cannot denounce the contract because Isabella has honored her part. According to US constitution, â€Å"If an oral contract that cannot be fulfilled within one year has been fully performed, the contract is fully enforceable (regardless of how long performance actually took)† (National Paralegal College, p.12) Had Isabella failed to enroll or fail to graduate from the college, Cato would have legal grounds to overlook the contracts. If one party fails to honor their part of bargain there has to be a case (National Paralegal College, p.12). In other words, if Isabella despite failure to graduate still demanded the $40000 promise, Cato would not pay. Conversely, now that she graduated, Cato has to honor the promise. Worth noting is the fact that a contract does not necessarily need to be in a written form to become enforceable. Nevertheless, it is vitally important to understand that in United States, some contracts have to be in form of writing. As for the Cato –Isabella case, this is not one of the cases requiring such

Case Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Case Problem - Essay Example In this essay, the aim is to argue that in the case of Isabella vs. Cato, the former can successfully, enforce the latter’s promise. The background of this case is that Cato promised Isabella $40,000 upon enrolment and subsequent graduation from college to which the latter successfully does. Upon demand of the honoring of the promise, Cato cites lack of contract and enforceability. In this case, Cato cannot denounce the contract because Isabella has honored her part. According to US constitution, â€Å"If an oral contract that cannot be fulfilled within one year has been fully performed, the contract is fully enforceable (regardless of how long performance actually took)† (National Paralegal College, p.12) Had Isabella failed to enroll or fail to graduate from the college, Cato would have legal grounds to overlook the contracts. If one party fails to honor their part of bargain there has to be a case (National Paralegal College, p.12). In other words, if Isabella despite failure to graduate still demanded the $40000 promise, Cato would not pay. Conversely, now that she graduated, Cato has to honor the promise. Worth noting is the fact that a contract does not necessarily need to be in a written form to become enforceable. Nevertheless, it is vitally important to understand that in United States, some contracts have to be in form of writing. As for the Cato –Isabella case, this is not one of the cases requiring such

Harvard Business Case-Pitney Bowes Inc Assignment

Harvard Business Case-Pitney Bowes Inc - Assignment Example The email overload is one of the discovered stresses of the workplaces. It is evident that the founders of Stamps.com did identify the same jobs to be done (Cefkin and Melissa, 2009, p.57). Q 2). The reason that caused the Pitney Bowes team to lose focus on something that did this job, and instead end up with a postage meter at a price point can be discussed below. The reason is when the experts of the company began to predict the advent of the letter less and paperless, Pitney Bowes replied by investing heavily in measures of diversification. The diversification includes the leasing and acquisition of aircraft fleets and trucks. Then the CEO, who came up established postage meter at a price point (Cefkin and Melissa, 2009, p.57). Q 3). The ability of a new business growth can be enhanced by relying on substantial acquisitions to achieve the strategic goals of the enterprise. The reason is that the purchases are cheaper, faster, and less risky than expansion that is organic (Cefkin and Melissa, 2009,

The Application of Such in the Nursing Context Research Paper - 7

The Application of Such in the Nursing Context - Research Paper Example The definition of additional [specialized] training in this context refers to the extra skills which one can go for. These can be twofold; either related to the nursing skills earlier acquired, or totally different from nursing. All in all these skills add up to make the nurse a better professional with added advantages when it comes to completion. These additional skills may be specializing in specific nursing sub-categories (nursing is wide), furthering their level of education, or learning side skills such as healthy living or business skills. The first additional skill that a nurse can acquire is directly in their related field, and that is simply by furthering their nursing knowledge beyond the basic training offered to nurses. Normally, a nurse will qualify to work after they attain a three-year nursing degree (Nazarko 17). Such nurses are general, that is, they do not have any particular specialities. They, therefore, perform the general roles of nursing such as caring for pat ients, instructing them on medical issues, providing personalized care, and all other practices of upholding good health. A nurse may, however, decide to further their nursing skills by pursuing higher certifications such as Bachelor of Science Degrees, then further into masters, PhD, or doctrines in nursing. Those who attain such certifications become ready to be absorbed into the job market, which is ever expanding in terms of higher-skilled labour. These qualifications place one above the basic entry-level nurse. Additionally, a qualified nurse may focus on other speciality options which are multiple in the offering.

News Article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

News Article - Assignment Example The reproductive system of both sexes is biochemically and anatomically formed in a way that they have the ability to produce new life to ensure perpetuation of life. It is unique that, among all the body systems the reproductive system is the only body system which an individual may decide not to use to the fullest. Some individuals do not reproduce due their own personal reasons. When sperms are produced by the penis and deposited in the vagina, they travel to the fallopian tubes. Through conception process one of them fuses with the ovum forming one single cell. At this stage the sex of the individual is determined and the baby possesses all the genetic requirements. The 46 chromosomes that the baby receives from both parents will be with the individual for the whole of his/ her lifetime. No genetic addition will take place but more significantly nutrition and oxygen will be required for life to be sustained. Development of the baby in the mother’s womb takes place in three trimesters. In the first trimester, dramatic and dynamic takes place. In trimester two, the baby prepares for survival outside the womb and in the third and last trimester, the baby develops the body organs and system and gains weight. The main purpose of the reproductive system is procreation and this is done by giving birth to young ones. For fertilization to take place the sperm and the ovum from the male and the female respectively must unite. Immediately conception takes place development starts and it takes place in three trimesters. The baby gets all the chromosomes from both parents and that is the number of chromosomes that an individual possesses in the whole of his or her lifetime. I learnt that the reproductive system is very significant in procreation. Creation of new beings occurs after fusion of the sperm and ova. in the developmental phases

Design research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Design research proposal - Essay Example The researcher will thus uncover the academic gap in this context and design an appropriate design that can effectively combine both the high and tech and the vending machine besides increased usability and convenience to curb the looming cases of disease since this is a public machine and hence serves various cohorts of individuals hence presenting higher chances of spread of contingency diseases. Vending machines are convenience common sources of snacks and beverages but most machines ignores healthy options. The foods and drinks in the vending machines have led to increased cases of obesity (public health problem). Youth and adults are at risks to develop type 2 diabetes, asthma, arthritis and heart disease. Despite the fact food vending machine avails food everywhere in America, food choices hazardous to health. Based on these limitation in the vending machine, there is an urgent need to unearth the possible effective design mechanism that if adopted will results in safety of vending machine users (The Nemours Foundation 2010). This can only be achieved through the incorporation of the high tech within the vending machine to curb the problem of spread of these catastrophic disease attached to faulty public vending machines. Many cities have thus designed effective restrictions and regulatory to the designers of these vending machines in order to meet the guideline requirem ents. It is upon this problems associated with most vending machines, the researcher seeks to investigate and design a machine that will minimize the spread of diseases associated with the public vending machines. The data collection through observation will be done both in the vending machine mall and the MU building on the University. The rationale for picking on these location was due to the mass coverage within short time. This will ensure observation’s effectiveness besides vast

Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 24

Motivation - Essay Example He was even of the idea that the productivity levels of the worker were more dependent the pay and they produce more if a piece rate pay system is used (Milkovich, 1991). This means that workers produce more and worker hard in order to earn higher wages. Adam Twidell of Private Fly has adopted various aspects of the motivation theory provided by F.W. Taylor. Firstly, Twidell is following Taylor’s advice regarding the rewards that motivate employees. Taylor stated that it is the pay that motivates employees and even Twidell believes that workers are motivated by extrinsic rewards such as monetary benefits and cannot be motivated through intrinsic ones (Daft, 2011). Due to this Twidell uses the monetary rewards of stock options to those pilots who have been working with the organization for more than one year. Taylor is of the idea that workers are not self-motivated to work and decisions need to be made at the top level management and then these decisions are followed by the lower level of employees (Furnham,2005). Twidell is even following the same rule and he is the one making the decisions for his organization and is delegating tasks to different employees and pilots. Taylor even proposed that the employers have to break do wn jobs into tasks and award those tasks to different employees along with train and that motivates employees to work. In case of Twidell, he states that there are various procedures to be carried out by the employees working on a plane and these procedures need to be divided amongst employees in order to ensure that all the procedures are carried out correctly. Elton Mayo is another theorist who has provided a theory regarding the motivation of employees and he proposed that in order to motivate employees to work the employers need to meet the social needs of the workers (Miner, 2005. He contradicted Taylor’s

Tracking Legislation in Northern Virginia (ie Fairfax, Arlington, Essay

Tracking Legislation in Northern Virginia (ie Fairfax, Arlington, Alexandria) (Issues Transportation, Immigration, Guns, Taxes) - Essay Example The bill also removes a subsection that makes offenses in the rest of the section secondary offenses. This bill simply means that Virginia drivers ages 15, 16 and 17 will not be able to talk, send text, messages or snap photos with a phone while driving on Virginia roads. This ban, designed to reduce accidents, also will apply to hands-free devices but will allow teens to use a phone during an emergency. This HB 942 affects me and all the young road drivers who pass by the highways and roads of the State of Virginia. The bill puts a limit on the number of passengers one can bring with and it also institutes a driving clinic for errant young drivers. The first major provision of the bill states that "whenever the driving record of a person less than 19 years old shows that he has been convicted of committing, when he was less than 18 years old, (i) an offense for which demerit points have been assessed or are assessable under Article 19 ( 46.2-489 et seq.) of this chapter or (ii) a violation of any provision of Article 12 ( 46.2-1091 et seq.) or Article 13 ( 46.2-1095 et seq.) of Chapter 10 of this title, the Commissioner shall direct such person to attend a driver improvement clinic." The second major provision states that "If any person less than 19 years old is convicted a second time of committing, when he was less than 18 years old, (i) an offense for which demerit points have b een assessed or are assessable under Article 19 ( 46.2-489 et seq.) of this chapter or (ii) a violation of any provision of Article 12 ( 46.2-1091 et seq.) or Article 13 ( 46.2-1095 et seq.) of Chapter 10 of this title, the Commissioner shall suspend such person's driver's license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle for 90 days. Such suspension shall be consecutive to, and not concurrent with, any other period of license suspension, revocation or denial. The initial license issued to any person younger than 18 years of age shall be deemed a provisional driver's license. Until the holder is 18 years old, a provisional driver's license shall not authorize its holder to operate a motor vehicle with more than one passenger The general public is helped positively by this new bill since it reinforces the importance of road safety among Virginia' young drivers. The bill has a negative impact on young drivers since they have to forego the convenience of using wireless devices while driving. However, if one takes the importance of road safety at heart, the young people also benefit in terms of lives saved and the preservation of private property arising from damage due to potential road accidents. The main goal of a traffic safety program is dedicated to saving lives and reducing injuries by preventing traffic crashes in Virginia. The aim is the maximum protection of the driving public. The success of these efforts is seen in the number of lives saved and the injuries prevented. Traffic fatalities were identified as the leading cause of death, especially for young people between the ages of four and 34. The "years of life lost" as a result of these terrible events make their social costs particularly high. Many of these tragic losses of lives could have been prevented with better traffic safety bills. Virginia Governor Timothy M. Kaine wants more traffic safety bills in order to reduce accidents and injuries due to erring drivers. Traffic safety is an important issue since Virginia had suffered from many traffic accidents which had resulted in the loss of many lives. For instance, Virginia's 2004 rate of 1.17 fatalities per 100 million vehicle-miles of travel was lower than the national average of 1.44 per 100